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Comparison of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with the S proteins from a porcine and a human coronavirus

¹ Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
² College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, PR China
³ Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
⁴ Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain

Correspondence
Christel Schwegmann-Weßels
christel.schwegmann{at}tiho-hannover.de

The surface proteins S of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were compared for their ability to mediate infection of viral pseudotypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The cell tropism of the respective pseudotypes corresponded to the tropism of the viruses from which the S protein was derived. Higher infectivity values were obtained with the SARS-CoV S protein than with the TGEV S protein. Differences were observed with respect to the importance of the cytoplasmic tail and the membrane anchor of the S proteins. In the case of the SARS-CoV S protein, truncation of the cytoplasmic tail resulted in increased infectivity. For the TGEV S protein, the inactivation of an intracellular retention signal in the cytoplasmic tail was required. Exchange of the membrane anchor of the S proteins led to a low infection efficiency. Our results indicate that related glycoproteins may show substantial differences in their ability to mediate pseudotype infection.

A supplementary table showing the primers used in this study is available with the online version of this paper.