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Originally published as JGV in Press, 10.1099/vir.0.010629-0 on April 22, 2009 J Gen Virol 90 (2009), 2033-2039; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.010629-0

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Chlorella viruses prevent multiple infections by depolarizing the host membrane

Timo Greiner1, Florian Frohns1, Ming Kang2, James L. Van Etten2, Anja Käsmann1, Anna Moroni3, Brigitte Hertel1 and Gerhard Thiel1

1 Institute of Botany TU-Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
2 Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, 205 Morrison Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA
3 Department of Biology and CNR IBF-Mi, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy

Correspondence
James L. Van Etten
jvanetten{at}unlnotes.unl.edu

Previous experiments established that when the unicellular green alga Chlorella NC64A is inoculated with two viruses, usually only one virus replicates in a single cell. That is, the viruses mutually exclude one another. In the current study, we explore the possibility that virus-induced host membrane depolarization, at least partially caused by a virus-encoded K+ channel (Kcv), is involved in this mutual exclusion. Two chlorella viruses, PBCV-1 and NY-2A, were chosen for the study because (i) they can be distinguished by real-time PCR and (ii) they exhibit differential sensitivity to Cs+, a well-known K+ channel blocker. PBCV-1-induced host membrane depolarization, Kcv channel activity and plaque formation are only slightly affected by Cs+, whereas all three NY-2A-induced events are strongly inhibited by Cs+. The addition of one virus 5–15 min before the other results primarily in replication of the first virus. However, if virus NY-2A-induced membrane depolarization of the host is blocked by Cs+, PBCV-1 is not excluded. We conclude that virus-induced membrane depolarization is at least partially responsible for the exclusion phenomenon.






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