J Gen Virol
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Originally published as JGV in Press, 10.1099/vir.0.014290-0 on September 30, 2009 J Gen Virol 91 (2010), 32-41; DOI 10.1099/vir.0.014290-0

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Characterization of microRNAs encoded by the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome

Evgeny A. Glazov1, Paul F. Horwood2, Wanchai Assavalapsakul3,4, Kritaya Kongsuwan4, Roger W. Mitchell2, Neena Mitter2 and Timothy J. Mahony2

1 Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
2 Queensland Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Ritchie Building, Research Road, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
3 CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Correspondence
Timothy J. Mahony
timothy.mahony{at}dpi.qld.gov.au

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a ubiquitous and important pathogen of cattle worldwide. This study reports the identification of 10 microRNA (miRNA) genes, Bhv1-mir-B1–Bhv1-mir-B10, encoded by the BoHV-1 genome that were processed into 12 detectable mature miRNAs as determined by ultra-high throughput sequencing bioinformatics analyses of small RNA libraries and expression studies. We found that four of the miRNA genes were present as two copies in the BoHV-1 genome, resulting in a total of 14 miRNA encoding loci. Unique features of the BoHV-1 miRNAs include evidence of bidirectional transcription and a close association of two miRNA genes with the origin of replication, including one miRNA that is encoded within the origin of replication. The miRNA gene Bhv1-mir-B5 was encoded on the opposite DNA strand to the latency associated transcript, potentially giving rise to antisense transcripts originating from this locus. The association of herpesvirus miRNAs with latency appears to be a common feature in the alphaherpesviruses. Analyses of the BoHV-5 genome for putative miRNA gene orthologues identified a high degree of evolutionary conservation for nine of the BoHV-1 miRNA genes. The possible roles for BoHV-1 miRNAs in the regulation of known BoHV-1 transcription units and the genetics of the BoHV-1 genotypes are also discussed.

Supplementary material is available with the online version of this paper.






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