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Novel circular DNA viruses in stool samples of wild-living chimpanzees

Crickette Sanz^3,

¹ Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
² Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
³ Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
⁴ Department of Ecology and Management of Plant and Animal Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
⁵ UMR145, Institut de Recherche pour le Dévelopement and University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
⁶ Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
⁷ The Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
⁸ Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
⁹ Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA

Correspondence
Eric L. Delwart
delwarte{at}medicine.ucsf.edu

Viral particles in stool samples from wild-living chimpanzees were analysed using random PCR amplification and sequencing. Sequences encoding proteins distantly related to the replicase protein of single-stranded circular DNA viruses were identified. Inverse PCR was used to amplify and sequence multiple small circular DNA viral genomes. The viral genomes were related in size and genome organization to vertebrate circoviruses and plant geminiviruses but with a different location for the stem–loop structure involved in rolling circle DNA replication. The replicase genes of these viruses were most closely related to those of the much smaller (1 kb) plant nanovirus circular DNA chromosomes. Because the viruses have characteristics of both animal and plant viruses, we named them chimpanzee stool-associated circular viruses (ChiSCV). Further metagenomic studies of animal samples will greatly increase our knowledge of viral diversity and evolution.

Present address: Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the seven full ChiSCV genomes are GQ351272 [GenBank] –GQ35127.

A supplementary figure showing recombination analyses is available with the online version of this paper.

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