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Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes

¹ Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
² Virology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
³ USDA, ARS, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, Department 3354, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
⁴ USDA, APHIS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, 1800 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
⁵ Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
⁶ Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Correspondence
A. B. Allison
allisona{at}uga.edu

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides-transmitted orbivirus that infects domestic and wild ruminants and is provisionally thought to be distributed throughout Africa, North America, Australia, East Asia and the Middle East. Historically, of the seven proposed serotypes of EHDV, only EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 have been reported from North America. In 2006, EHDV isolates were recovered from moribund or dead white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Indiana and Illinois that could not be identified as either EHDV-1 or EHDV-2 by virus neutralization tests or by serotype-specific RT-PCR. Additional serological and genetic testing identified the isolates as EHDV-6, a serotype that, although originally described from Australia, has recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen of cattle in Morocco, Algeria and Turkey. In 2007 and 2008, EHDV-6 was isolated again from white-tailed deer, this time in Missouri, Kansas and Texas, suggesting that the virus is capable of overwintering and that it may become, or already is, endemic in a geographically widespread region of the USA. Genetic characterization of the virus indicates that it is a reassortant, such that the outer capsid proteins determining serotype specificity (VP2 and VP5) are derived from exotic EHDV-6, whilst the remaining structural and non-structural proteins are apparently obtained from indigenous EHDV-2 (Alberta).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences found in this study are GQ387643 [GenBank] (NS1), GQ387644 [GenBank] (NS3), GQ387634 [GenBank] (VP1), GQ385939 [GenBank] (VP2), GQ387637 [GenBank] (VP3), GQ387638 [GenBank] (VP5) and GQ387641 [GenBank] (VP7) [all EHDV-6 (Indiana)] and GQ387635 [GenBank] (EHDV-1 VP1), GQ387636 [GenBank] (EHDV-2 VP1) and GQ387640 [GenBank] (EHDV-2 VP5).

A supplementary table showing the EHDV serogroup- and serotype-specific primers used is available with the online version of this paper.