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Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes

¹ University of Essex;
² University of Tampere

³ E-mail: stanwg{at}essex.ac.uk

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are frequent pathogens with seroprevalance of over 90% in adults. Recent studies on these viruses have increased the number of HPeV types to 6. Here we analyse the complete genome of one clinical isolate, PicoBank/HPeV1/a, and VP1 and 3D protein sequences of PicoBank/HPeV6/a, isolated from the same individual 13 months later. The sequences indicate that this individual was first infected with an HPeV1 strain, and then an HPeV6 strain, showing that the first infection was not cross-protecting. PicoBank/HPeV1/a is closely related to another recent HPeV1 isolate, BNI-788St, but is distinct from the HPeV1 Harris prototype isolated 50 years ago. The availability of an increasing number of HPeV sequences has allowed a detailed analysis of these viruses. The results add weight to the observations that recombination plays a role in the generation of HPeV diversity. An important finding is the presence of unexpected conservation of codons utilised in part of the 3D-encoding region, some of which can be explained by the presence of a phylogenetically-conserved predicted secondary structure domain. This suggests that in addition to the cis-acting replication element, RNA secondary structure domains in coding regions may play a key role in picornavirus replication.

Received 18 November 2008; accepted 3 March 2009.

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