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Front cover illustration

Distribution of Semliki Forest Virus (SFV)-infected cells in the brains of experimentally infected laboratory mice by in situ hybridization and autoradiography (panel 1), immunostaining for virus protein (panel 2) and using a virus (SFV4-steGFP) engineered to express green fluorescent protein (panels 3 and 4). Panel 1 shows infection (SFV A7[74]) of the meninges and ependymal cells in the brain of an adult mouse with no functional type-I interferon system; in the absence of interferon this virus spreads in these cell populations but does not spread between mature neurons. Panel 2 illustrates infection (SFV A7[74]) of interconnected columns of neurons in the cerebral cortex of the developing mouse brain; in contrast to the mature brain, SFV A7[74] spreads efficiently between immature neurons of the developing brain. Panel 3 is a dorsal view of the brain of an adult mouse with no functional type-I interferon system infected with SFV4-steGFP virus (stereomicroscopy with an eGFP filter) illustrating several areas of infection. Panel 4, is a section through the dentate gyrus and hippocampus of the brain shown in panel 3; the section is counterstained (red) with propidium iodide to visualize neuronal nuclei. Images courtesy Professor John K Fazakerley, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh. See the paper by Fragkoudis et al. in this issue, pp. 3373–3384.